Pro forma session definition9/6/2023 ![]() ![]() For more information on lieutenant Governors and other executive branch officials, see the Appointment Power section below.Īll states except Oregon provide for the impeachment of Governors. In the remaining 5 states and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, officials designated to succeed the Governor include the secretary of state and leader of the senate.įor state by state information on succession, see “ The Governors” (Table 4.1, The Book of the States 2021, source: The Council of State Governments). In the event of a vacancy in office, the lieutenant Governor is the designated official who succeeds the Governor in 49 states and territories (in two of which-Tennessee and West Virginia-the president/speaker of the Senate and lieutenant Governor are one and the same). All Governors, with the exception of Virginia’s, may succeed themselves, although they may be limited to a specific number of consecutive or total terms.įor state by state information on gubernatorial qualifications, see “ The Governors: Qualifications for Office“ (Table 4.2, The Book of the States 2021, source: The Council of State Governments).įor state by state information on gubernatorial term limits, see NGA’s Governors Roster, and “ Constitutional and Statutory Provisions for Number of Consecutive Terms of Elected State Officials” (Table 4.9, The Book of the States 2021, source: The Council of State Governments). Gubernatorial terms are four years in every state, commonwealth, and territory, except for New Hampshire and Vermont which have two-year terms. State residency requirements range from no formal provision to 7 years. citizenship for gubernatorial candidates ranges from no formal provision to 20 years. The minimum age requirement for Governors ranges from no formal provision to age 35. citizenship, and state residency requirements for gubernatorial candidates and office holders. By calling pro forma sessions, the majority party can prevent the minority party from introducing or voting on legislation, even if the majority party is not actually conducting any business of its own.States, commonwealths, and territories vary with respect to minimum age, U.S. ![]() Pro forma sessions can also be used as a way for the majority party to block legislation that is supported by the minority party. ![]() Said Reid: “I am keeping the Senate in pro forma to prevent recess appointments until we get this process on track.” It can also prevent a president from pocket-vetoing a piece of legislation.ĭuring a 2007 recess, for example, Senate Majority Leader, Harry Reid, planned to keep the Senate in pro forma session in order to prevent further controversial appointments made by the Bush Administration. For example, a pro forma session can be called to prevent the president from making recess appointments, as the Constitution requires the Senate to be in session in order to consider such appointments. While pro forma sessions serve a procedural purpose, they can also be used for other purposes. No votes are taken and no legislation is considered during a pro forma session. Pro forma sessions are typically led by the presiding officer of the chamber, and they typically consist of little more than a roll call and the reading of a brief statement. This requirement is set forth in the Constitution, and pro forma sessions are a way for Congress to meet the requirement without actually conducting any business. Pro forma sessions are most commonly used in the United States Congress, where they are typically called to meet the requirement that each chamber must meet at least once every three days. These sessions are often used to fulfill a procedural requirement or to demonstrate that the legislature is still in session, even if no actual work is being done. A pro forma session is a brief meeting of a legislative body, typically lasting only a few minutes, during which no formal business is conducted. ![]()
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